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Newer Post Older Post Home. It is located in the royal palace complex of the former Kingdom of Kandy, which houses the relic of the tooth of the Buddha. Since ancient times, the relic has played an important role in local politics because it is believed that whoever holds the relic holds the governance of the country.

Kandy was the last capital of the Sri Lankan kings and is a World Heritage Site mainly due to the temple. Bhikkhus of the two chapters of Malwatte and Asgiriya conduct daily worship in the inner chamber of the temple.

Rituals are performed three times daily: at dawn, at noon and in the evenings. On Wednesdays there is a symbolic bathing of the relic with an herbal preparation made from scented water and fragrant flowers called Nanumura Mangallaya.

This holy water is believed to contain healing powers and is distributed among those present. The temple sustained damage from bombings by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in but was fully restored each time. History After the parinirvana of Gautama Buddha, the tooth relic was preserved in Kalinga and smuggled to the island by Princess Hemamali and her husband, Prince Dantha on the instructions of her father King Guhasiva.

They landed in the island in Lankapattana during the reign of Sirimeghavanna of Anuradhapura and handed over the tooth relic. The king enshrined it Meghagiri Vihara present day Isurumuniya in Anuradhapura.

Safeguard of the relic was a responsibility of the monarch, therefore over the years the custodianship of relic became to symbolize the right to rule. Therefore, reigning monarchs built the tooth relic temples quite close to their royal residences, as was the case during the times of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, Kingdom of Polonnaruwa, and Kingdom of Dambadeniya. During the era of the Kingdom of Gampola, the relic was housed in Niyamgampaya Vihara.

It is reported in the messenger poems such as Hamsa, Gira, and Selalihini that the temple of tooth relic was situated within the city of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte when the Kingdom of Kotte was established there. During the reign of Dharmapala of Kotte, the relic was kept hidden in Delgamuwa Vihara, Ratnapura, in a grinding stone. King Vimaladharmasuriya I built a two-storey building to deposit the tooth relic and the building is now gone. It was recovered in the time of Rajasinha II and it has been reported that he reinstate the original building or has built a new temple.

The present day temple of the tooth was built by Vira Narendra Sinha. The octagonal Patthirippuwa and moat was added during the reign of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha. Famous Kandyan architect Devandra Mulacharin is credited with building the Patthirippuwa. Originally it was used by the kings for recreational activities and later it was offered to the tooth relic. Now it is an library. It was attacked on two occasions, the Temple of the Tooth attack by the militant organization Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and the Temple of the Tooth attack by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna.

Architecture The brick wall which runs along the moat and Bogambara lake is known as water waves wall. Holes in this wall are build to light coconut oil lamps. The main entrance gates which lies over the moat is called Mahawahalkada.

At the foot of Mahawahalkada steps there is a Sandakada pahana moonstone which is carved in Kandyan architectural style. Mahawahalkada was totally destroyed in a bomb blast and rebuilt afterwards along with sandakada pahana other stone carvings. Their skin color is darker than of indicus and of sumatranus with larger and more distinct patches of depigmentation on ears, face, trunk and belly. The smaller size could possibly be the end result of a long-continued process of removing the physically best specimens from the potential breeding-stock through hunting or domestication see insular dwarfism.

A small remnant population exists in the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary. They are absent from the wet zone of the country. Apart from Wilpattu and Ruhuna National Parks, all other protected areas are less than 1, km2 sq mi in extent.

Many areas are less than 50 km2 19 sq mi , and hence not large enough to encompass the entire home ranges of elephants that use them. Former range In the historical past, elephants were widely distributed from sea level to the highest mountain ranges.

They occurred in the dry zone, in the lowland wet zone as well as in the cold damp montane forests. During the colonial period from to , the wet zone was converted to commercially used fields and became heavily settled. Until , elephants were so plentiful that their destruction was encouraged by the government, and rewards were paid for any that was killed.

In the first half of the 19th century, forests in the montane zone were cleared large-scale for the planting of coffee, and afterwards tea. The elephant population in the mountains was extirpated. During the British rule, many bull elephants were killed by trophy hunters.

One of the army majors is credited with having shot over 1, elephants, and two others are reputed to have shot half that number each. Many other sportsmen have shot about animals during this time.

Between and alone, more than 6, elephants were captured and shot. By the turn of the 20th century, elephants were still distributed over much of the island. The area currently known as Ruhuna National Park was the Resident Sportsmen's Shooting Reserve, an area reserved for the sporting pleasure of British residents in the country. In the early 20th century, mega reservoirs were constructed in the dry zone for irrigated agriculture. Ancient irrigation systems were rehabilitated and people resettled.

This development gathered momentum after the independence in As a result, elephant habitat in the dry zone was severely fragmented. Population trend The size of wild elephant populations in Sri Lanka was estimated at 12, to 14, in the early 19th century 10, in the early 20th century 7, to 8, in around [citation needed] between 1, and 2, individuals in between 2, and 3, in 1, in June that were fragmented in five regions between 3, and 4, in 3, in [citation needed] 2,, in [citation needed] 5, in , on the basis of counting elephants at water holes in the dry season.

As generalists they feed on a wide variety of food plants. In Sri Lanka's northwestern region, feeding behaviour of elephants was observed during the period of January to December The elephants fed on a total of plant species belonging to 35 families including 27 species of cultivated plants.

More than half of the plants were non tree species, i. The presence of cultivated plants in dung does not result solely due to raiding of crops as it was observed that elephants feed on leftover crop plants in fallow chenas. Juvenile elephants tend to feed predominantly on grass species. Food resources are abundant in regenerating forests, but at low density in mature forests.

The tooth relic is encased in seven golden caskets which engraved with precious gemstones. The caskets have a shape of a stupa. The Procession casket which is used during the Kandy Esala Perahera is also displayed in the same chamber. Associate buildings and structures Royal Palace The royal palace is situated to the north of the temple. John Pybus, who was on an embassy in , gives a detailed description on the royal palace.

Vikramabahu III of Gampola r. Vimaladharmasuriya I of Kandy undertook various decorations to the palace. The royal residence was known as "Maha Wasala" in Sinhalese starting in the Polonnaruwa period. The royal palace is also known as "Maligawa.

The section of the palace facing the Natha Devale is said to be the oldest. Successors of D'Oyly have continued to use it as their official residence.

Today it is preserved as an archeological museum. Ulpen Ge and Queens Palace are the associated buildings of the palace. The audience hall or magul maduwa is where the Kandyan kings held their court. It was completed during the reign of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha.

The carvings of the wooden pillars which support the wooden roof are an example of wood carving of the Kandyan period. Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha of Kandy built it in The hall was renovated for the reception of arrival of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales in Originally the hall was 58 by Other nearby building to the halls believed to be demolished during the British rule. The audience hall was the venue where the Kandyan Convention was drawn up, it was where the convention was read out to the people and where the conference, about the convention was held on 2 March Today it is used for state ceremonies and conserved under the department of archaeology.

Mahamaluwa is public who came to see the annual Esala perahera. Today it contains a statue of Madduma Bandara. The memorial of which contains the skull of Keppetipola Disawe is another attraction. The statue of Princess Hemamali and Prince Dantha are also located here. The Sri Lankan elephant Elephas maximus maximus is one of three recognized subspecies of the Asian elephant, and native to Sri Lanka.

The species is pre-eminently threatened by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation. Elephas maximus maximus is the type subspecies of the Asian elephant, first described by Carl Linnaeus under the binominal Elephas maximus in The Sri Lankan elephant population is now largely restricted to the dry zone in the north, east and southeast of Sri Lanka.

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